Torque

Torque, also known as the moment of force, is a measure of the force that can cause an object to rotate about an axis. It is a vector quantity that describes the tendency of a force to rotate an object about an axis. Here's a more detailed definition:

1. Force and Distance: Torque ($\tau$) is the product of the magnitude of the force ($F$) applied to an object and the perpendicular distance ($r$) from the axis of rotation to the line of action of the force. Mathematically, it is expressed as:

   $$\tau =r\times F\times \sin (\theta )$$

   where $\theta$ is the angle between the force vector and the lever arm (the line from the axis to the point where the force is applied).

2. Direction: The direction of the torque vector is determined by the right-hand rule. If you point your right thumb in the direction of the force and curl your fingers in the direction of rotation, your fingers point in the direction of the torque.

3. Units: In the International System of Units (SI), torque is measured in newton-meters (N·m) .

4. Effect on Rotation: Torque causes an object to rotate or change its rotational motion. The greater the torque, the greater the angular acceleration of the object.

5. Relationship with Angular Momentum: Torque is also related to angular momentum. The rate of change of angular momentum of an object is equal to the net torque acting on it.

6. Applications: Torque is important in many practical applications, such as opening a door (where the force is applied at the end of the door handle), driving a car (where the engine's torque is transmitted to the wheels), and in many mechanical and electrical devices.
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